The Golden Ratio, also known as the Divine Proportion, is a mathematical concept that describes the relationship between two quantities where the ratio of the smaller quantity to the larger one is the same as the ratio of the larger one to the sum of both quantities. It is represented by the Greek letter phi (φ) and its value is approximately 1.6180339887.
The Golden Ratio was derived from the Fibonacci Sequence (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13…), which has been utilised countless times in art and design due to its’ ability to add scale, proportion, and balance to designs. As well as this, the Golden Ratio is used in typography to create balanced and proportionate typography layout.
The Gestalt Principles are a set of principles that explain how people perceive patterns and images in groups of objects.